ISSN: 2158-7051 ==================== INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RUSSIAN STUDIES ==================== ISSUE NO. 9 ( 2020/1 ) |
ART OF MEMORIES CURATING AT THE HERMITAGE, By Ayse Dietrich*,
Published by: Columbia University Press, USA. Written by Vinvent
Antonin Lépinay, Year of Publishing: 2019. Subject
Area: Art Museums. Book Type: Art History. Total Number of Pages: 288. ISBN: 9780231191890, $30.00, Paperback.
The Hermitage, is one of the oldest, most prestigious and most active museums in the world, and was founded during the reign
of Catherine II the Great in 1764. Over the centuries it has accumulated a
permanent collection of more than three million objects. The Hermitage’s vast
collection is a microcosm of human history and cultural diversity that includes
artifacts from archaeological excavations, art from Classical Antiquity,
oriental art, Russian art, Western European art, arms and armor, and coins.
Following the October Revolution of 1917, all Russian
private art collections were nationalized. In the effort to industrialize the
country as quickly as possible between 1930 and 1934, the Soviet government
sold some works to finance the purchase of western industrial equipment.
However, in the years immediately after the Second World War the Hermitage’s
holdings of late 19th and early 20th century European
artworks increased noticeably.
The dramatic changes in Russia’s economy, politics and
society that took place in last years of the 20th century also
affected the Hermitage. The loss of much of its state funding following the
collapse of the Soviet Union meant that the museum had to rapidly find
alternative sources of funding. While many other institutions were unable to
survive these political and economic transitions, the Hermitage survived and
established links to the West that helped it expand.
Art of Memories Curating at the Hermitage is a history of the State
Hermitage Museum of Saint Petersburg in Russia. Through his own experience, Lépinay
sheds light on the little-known history of the museum and opens the door to the
reader to reveal the organizational structure of the museum as a cultural
laboratory.
In the first chapter of the
book, Lépinay discusses the museum’s transformation of items,
storage site, mobility of the artifacts, how the authorities determine the
selection of items, how they orchestrate new arrivals, how the employees create
a balance between selecting what is offered and search for what is needed, and what
risks that arise after the new arrivals. The author states that until the
recent past, the people who had been bringing objects to the museum had
unconsciously set the museums’ scope, and he names this period “spontaneous”
accumulation when decisions could be made singlehandedly.
In the second chapter, Lépinay
talks about the history of the documentation of the collections along the lines
of classification, description, recording, and describes both the professional
and territorial conflicts that resulted from process of classification
In the third chapter, the author discusses the
confinement and isolation of the museum following the Revolution of 1917 and talks
about the transitions of generations in expertise, doctoral program, functions
of keepers, books published by Hermitagers, and the restrictions
and censorship imposed during the Soviet Union.
In the fourth chapter, he talks about the specific
position and the responsibilities of the restorers, how restorers are trained
and educated, and the process of restoration in both the Soviet Union and at present.
In the fifth chapter, he talks about the training of the
guides, their competition, methods in managing the crowds, and their organizational
problems in tour guiding.
In the sixth chapter, Lépinay talks
about the spacial organizations of the museum to
manage the Hermitage’s large-scale collections.
In his conclusion, Lépinay talks
about the issues related to the organization, documenting, protection of
museum’s collections and maintaining the museum by the Hermitagers
and protection of their community.
It is a well-written work for researchers who are
interested in the history of art museums, and particularly the Hermitage. It introduces
the details of maintaining an art institution and the social mechanisms that
orchestrate activities within the whole system.
*Ayse Dietrich - Professor, Part-time, at Middle East Technical University, Department of History, and Eurasian Studies. Editor and the founder of the International Journal of Russian Studies e-mail: editor@ijors.net, dayse@metu.edu.tr, dietrichayse@yahoo.com
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